{
  "id": "fang-2017",
  "title": "Generating Steganographic Text with LSTMs",
  "authors": [
    "Tina Fang",
    "Martin Jaggi",
    "Katerina Argyraki"
  ],
  "author_parts": [
    {
      "given": "Tina",
      "family": "Fang"
    },
    {
      "given": "Martin",
      "family": "Jaggi"
    },
    {
      "given": "Katerina",
      "family": "Argyraki"
    }
  ],
  "year": 2017,
  "venue_date": "2017-07",
  "venue": "Proceedings of ACL 2017, Student Research Workshop",
  "venue_short": "ACL 2017 Student Research Workshop",
  "publication_type": "conference",
  "publisher": "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  "pages": "100–106",
  "doi": null,
  "arxiv_id": "1705.10742",
  "relation": "foundation",
  "categories": [
    "Earlier neural methods",
    "Language-model steganography"
  ],
  "summary": "Uses an LSTM language model and vocabulary bins to generate text carrying a secret bitstream. Experiments on tweets and email explore the trade-off between embedding capacity and text quality.",
  "relationship": "The 2019 Neural Linguistic Steganography paper cites this earlier neural method and reimplements its block-based encoding with GPT-2 as a baseline.",
  "limitation": "The paper leaves formal evaluation against human judges and steganalysis methods to future work; its qualitative examples alone do not establish statistical undetectability.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/P17-3017/",
      "evidence": "Published author order, title, venue, July 2017, pages; no DOI listed."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.10742",
      "evidence": "First arXiv submission May 30, 2017."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/P17-3017.pdf",
      "evidence": "Sections 3–4 describe LSTM/bin encoding and experiments; section 5 identifies future security evaluation."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://aclanthology.org/D19-1115.pdf",
      "evidence": "Sections 2 and 4 identify Fang et al. as the Block baseline and explain the GPT-2 reimplementation."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/tbfang/steganography-lstm",
      "evidence": "Author repository explicitly identifies itself as code for this paper."
    }
  ],
  "arxiv_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.10742",
  "earliest_date": "2017-05-30",
  "earliest_date_label": "First arXiv submission",
  "url": "https://aclanthology.org/P17-3017/",
  "pdf": "https://aclanthology.org/P17-3017.pdf",
  "code": "https://github.com/tbfang/steganography-lstm",
  "category": "foundations",
  "contribution": "Uses an LSTM language model and vocabulary bins to generate text carrying a secret bitstream. Experiments on tweets and email explore the trade-off between embedding capacity and text quality.",
  "canonical_url": "https://steganography.live/reading-list/papers/fang-2017/"
}